The trombone is one of the most distinctive brass instruments, with a slide mechanism that gives it its smooth sound. It’s used across various genres, from classical and jazz to marching bands and orchestras, and in order to achieve this versatility, players can choose from a range of differently pitched trombones.
In this article, we’ll explore the most common types of trombones and help you determine which one is right for you. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to add another trombone to your collection, the more you know, the better equipped you’ll be to pick the best one.
Key takeaways
Trombone type Features
Bass Lowest-pitched trombone, provides intensity and depth.
Tenor Versatile pitch range with an ability to blend with other instruments.
Alto Ideal for Baroque and classical, pitched a fourth higher than the tenor trombone.
Valve Uses valves instead of a slide to change the pitch. Valves allow for quick pitch changes.
What is a trombone?
The trombone is a member of the brass family. You’ll recognise the instrument by its unique slide mechanism, which sets it apart from other brass instruments. It produces a rich, resonant sound that’s been integral to various musical genres, including classical, jazz, and marching bands. Historically, the trombone was often used in churches and to announce the arrival of important visitors with its powerful, solemn tone.
The most common type of trombone is the tenor trombone. It’s versatile and found in a wide range of musical settings, which makes it the best choice for beginners who want to explore a range of styles. Plus, its size is manageable – great for younger players.
When choosing a trombone, consider the type of music you’re interested in. If you’re looking to play in a classical or jazz setting, a tenor trombone is ideal. However, if you’re more advanced or a symphony musician – or you want something with a richer, deeper tone – consider the bass trombone. There are more types, which we’ll now discuss!
Types of trombone
Tenor trombone
The tenor trombone is the standard and most widely used type of trombone, commonly found in Bb tuning. Variations include the Bb/F tenor, which features an additional trigger for easier access to lower notes, and the Bb/C tenor, which allows for alternate slide positions.
The tenor trombone offers a versatile pitch range, with a clear, bright tone that can also be warm and mellow, depending on how it’s played. This flexibility makes it a popular choice across various genres and ensembles.
In classical orchestras, jazz bands, brass bands, and wind ensembles, the tenor trombone forms a key part of the brass section. It’s able to able to blend with other instruments and deliver powerful solos, making it a diverse and essential instrument.
Shop now | Student Tenor Trombone in Bb by Gear4music
Shop now | Courtois Mezzo Bb/F Tenor Trombone, Large Bore
Shop now | Bach TB650 Bb/C Children’s Trombone Outfit
Alto trombone
The alto trombone is one of the smallest trombones, pitched a fourth higher than the tenor trombone, typically in Eb. Its pitch range can generally be extended, offering a bright, clear tone that’s well-suited to higher-register playing.
The alto trombone is particularly great for orchestras and chamber ensembles where its higher pitch adds a unique colour to the brass section.
It’s often used in performing Baroque and Classical period compositions, as it can also seamlessly blend with other brass and woodwind instruments, and sometimes in choral settings, where it can support soprano or alto voices.
While less common than the tenor trombone, the alto trombone plays a crucial role in pieces that require a lighter, more agile brass sound.
Shop now | Coppergate Alto Trombone by Gear4music
Shop now | pBone Mini Plastic Trombone
Bass trombone
The bass trombone is the lowest-pitched member of the trombone family, typically found in orchestras, in which usually only one bass trombonist is needed. It plays the deepest parts, often doubling the tuba, and adds rich, powerful tones to the brass section.
The bass trombone has an extended pitch range, generally spanning from its extra tubing and larger bore, allowing for fuller, more resonant low notes compared to the tenor trombone.
This instrument is a staple in classical and symphonic music as it can strongly and powerfully underpin the harmony. It’s also widely used in brass bands, jazz ensembles, and film scores, where it contributes to dramatic effects.
Though less agile than the tenor trombone, the bass trombone’s ability to produce a broad, weighty sound makes it great for compositions that require depth and intensity in the lower registers.
Shop now | Coppergate Intermediate Bass Trombone, By Gear4music
Shop now | Jupiter JTB1180 Bass Trombone
Valve trombone
The valve trombone is a unique variation of the trombone that uses valves instead of a slide to change pitch, making it easier for players already familiar with valve instruments like the trumpet or euphonium to pick up.
Its pitch range is like that of the tenor trombone.
The valve trombone is great for jazz, Latin, and brass band music.
Its fast valve action allows for quicker note changes and intricate passages that would be more challenging on a slide trombone. And although its pitched like a tenor, the use of the valves can give it a slightly different articulation and timbre.
Shop now | Valve Trombone by Gear4music
Shop now | Stagg TB285S Valve Trombone
FAQs
What is the most popular type of trombone?
The most popular type of trombone is the tenor trombone. This is pitched in Bb and is perfectly suited to orchestras, big bands, and jazz groups. It’s incredibly versatile and can come with an F attachment to extend its range.
What is the difference between tenor and alto trombones?
The difference between the tenor and alto trombones is that the tenor is pitched lower than the alto. They also have slightly differing dimensions, with the tenor trombone being slightly larger than the alto.
What is a small trombone called?
A small trombone is called the alto trombone. This trombone is pitched to Eb and dates to the 16th century when it was commonly used in church music until the 18th century.
Final thoughts
Choosing the right type of trombone depends on where you’ll be playing the trombone, i.e., what kind of ensemble, and your ability level. The tenor trombone is the most common and versatile, making it ideal for beginners, and is widely used in various genres. If you’re drawn to higher registers, the alto trombone might be the right choice, while the bass trombone is perfect if you want deep, powerful tones.
If you’re a trumpet player wanting to make the transition to trombone, the valve type is a good place to start.
Want to learn more? Check out some of our other orchestral guides:
Tuba vs. Sousaphone – What’s the Difference?
The 9 Types of Trumpets Every Brass Player Should Know
The Different Types of Flutes from Around the World
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