If you own lighting equipment, or you’re looking to buy some, you might notice that many products list an IP rating. And if you’re wondering what this number is and how you can better understand it, you’ve come to the right place.
The IP rating is characterised by the letters “IP” followed by two numbers, like “IP65.” It’s easy to gloss over these seemingly insignificant characters, but they tell you exactly how well your equipment is protected against things like dust and water.
Developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IP ratings are a universal standard, so it’s good to understand what they mean when you see an IP rating on the spec list of equipment you’re about to buy.
Think of it as a shield level for your gear. Particularly in lighting gear, which we’ll be referring to in this article, you’ll know whether your rig can brave a downpour at a festival or survive the occasional beer splash.
Understanding what IP ratings mean isn’t just for professionals. It’s key for anyone working with lighting. Whether you’re a touring band, a DJ, a theatre technician, or just someone who loves throwing parties, knowing your kit’s IP ratings could save you money, hassle, and even keep your show running smoothly.
So let’s break it down, thoroughly answer your question, “What are IP ratings?“, and help you choose the right kit for the right conditions!
Disclaimer: We do not recommend subjecting your equipment to harsh conditions – IP ratings are a guide, but any gear is at risk of damage when wet or in harsh environments.
What are IP ratings?
IP stands for “Ingress Protection,” and each digit in the code has its own meaning:
- The first digit (0–6) tells you how well the equipment is protected against solid objects like dust or fingers.
- The second digit (0–9) shows how protected it is from liquids like rain, sprays, or even immersion in water.
These ratings are entirely standardised by the IEC, meaning an IP65 fixture from one brand should offer the same protection as an IP65 fixture from another, so you can mix and match lighting brands as long as they are both rated to the level of protection you require.
Here’s the best part: the higher the number, the better the protection. So an IP44 light is splash-resistant, while an IP65 light is virtually dust-tight and could even potentially handle water jets.
Why is an IP rating system needed?
Picture this: you’ve invested in a stunning new lighting rig, and the first time you use it at an outdoor gig, (surprise, surprise) UK weather strikes and a sudden downpour drenches everything. If your lights weren’t designed for the elements, you might end up with short circuits, blown fuses, or a hefty repair bill.
This is exactly why the IP rating system exists. It takes the guesswork out of buying gear by giving you a clear indicator of how robust and weather-resistant a product is. Whether you’re worried about dust clogging up delicate components or rain causing electrical faults, the IP rating tells you how safe your equipment will be in the real world.
For example:
- A light with an IP65 rating can handle powerful water jets, which is perfect for outdoor festivals where rain is always a risk.
- A light with an IP44 rating, on the other hand, is protected against minor splashes but isn’t designed for soaking rain.
When choosing lighting for your rig, check the IP rating if it’s listed. It will help you avoid costly mistakes and keep your show shining bright. But also remember, many budget lights don’t list an IP rating at all. We’ll explain why next.
Why many budget lights don’t list IP ratings
Here’s a crucial thing to know: many budget-friendly lights simply don’t list an IP rating at all. Why? They’re designed for indoor use only, where rain and dust aren’t major concerns.
IP certification costs manufacturers extra money, costs that get passed on to you.
Budget lights often use simpler plastic housings that aren’t sealed well enough to qualify for a meaningful IP rating, so manufacturers will skip advertising any kind of rating as they can’t guarantee protection.
If you can’t find an IP rating listed, assume the equipment is for indoor use only. That’s the safest move.
And if there’s any chance you’ll be performing outdoors, it’s worth spending a bit more for fixtures that explicitly list an IP rating. It’s cheaper than replacing damaged gear and far less stressful than a rainstorm mid-show.
IP ratings for outdoor use
If you’re planning any kind of outdoor lighting setup, there’s one golden rule: gear without an IP rating is usually not safe for uncovered outdoor use. Even mild rain or high humidity can damage lights that aren’t protected.
While IP44 or higher offers some protection against splashing water, for peace of mind, many professionals opt for fixtures rated IP65 or above to ensure they’ll keep performing even in heavy rain or dusty environments.
If no IP rating is listed, assume the equipment is for indoor use only. It’s safer and cheaper than replacing water-damaged lights.
When in doubt, investing in properly rated gear is worth it. It can be the difference between finishing your set or packing up soggy equipment mid-show.
IP ratings table
Here’s a handy table to help you decode those numbers. Each number indicates what kind of objects – solid or liquid – the gear is protected against if they were to fall on the equipment or come into contact with it in some way.
| IP Rating | First Digit – Solid Objects | Second Digit – Liquids |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | No protection | No protection |
| 1 | Protected against objects greater than 50 mm (the width of a hand or equipment stand) | Protected against dripping water |
| 2 | Protected against objects greater than 12.5 mm (the size of a finger) | Protected against dripping water tilted up to 15° |
| 3 | Protected against objects greater than 2.5 mm (tools such as screwdrivers or wrenches) | Protected against spraying water |
| 4 | Protected against objects greater than 1 mm (wires, gravel) | Protected against splashing water |
| 5 | Dust protected | Protected against water jets |
| 6 | Dust tight | Protected against powerful water jets |
| 7 | — | Can be immersed up to 1m |
| 8 | — | Can be immersed beyond 1m |
| 9 | — | Protected against high-pressure, high-temperature water |
Products with IP ratings
IP ratings aren’t just for lighting. They’re used across loads of electronic products, from outdoor speakers to CCTV cameras. But in the world of performance and stage production, lighting gear is one of the most crucial areas where IP ratings come into play.
Lighting rigs often face tough conditions, including blazing heat, unexpected rain, wind-blown dust, and spilt drinks. Without proper protection, delicate electronics inside your lights could be damaged, potentially halting your show mid-performance.
LED PAR cans – great for washing a stage in colour
Outdoor-rated PAR cans often carry IP65 ratings. Here are a few IP-rated PAR can options for you:
- Chauvet DJ SlimPAR Pro Q IP LED Par Can – quad-colour LED washes, rugged outdoor-ready IP65 housing, flicker-free operation, and versatile DMX control for professional lighting.
- Cameo 12 x 3W Tri-Colour RGB LED Outdoor Par Can – RGB mixing, robust IP65 housing, and smooth DMX control for stunning outdoor lighting effects.
- Eurolite AKKU IP65 LED Flat Spotlight – battery-powered flat PAR with vibrant colour mixing, IP65 protection, and wireless DMX for flexible indoor and outdoor use.
Moving head lights – create dramatic effects, sweeping beams, and versatile patterns
Moving heads really add a new dimension to the stage with their cool effects, but they can be vulnerable to moisture. You will find some outdoor versions, however, like the one below, that are built with sealed housings and high IP ratings.
- Chauvet DJ Intimidator Spot 360X IP Moving Head – offers sharp moving beams, vivid colour mixing, motorised focus, gobo options, and durable IP65-rated housing for versatile outdoor performances.
Floodlights and wall washers – essential for illuminating large spaces and creating bold backdrops
Floodlights and wall washers add vibrant colour washes to stages and architecture. Many models boast IP65 or higher for reliable outdoor performance.
- Cameo Flat Pro Flood 600 IP65 Outdoor Flood Light – delivers powerful, uniform LED output with excellent colour mixing, slim design for discreet placement, and IP65 rating for demanding outdoor environments.
- LEDJ Rapid QB1 RGBA IP Uplighter – offers rich RGBA colour mixing, battery-powered operation, wireless DMX, and IP65 protection, ideal for versatile uplighting in outdoor events.
- eLumen8 Endura UV100 COB Exterior Fixture – powerful UV COB LED fixture with IP65 rating, perfect for outdoor blacklight effects, architectural features, or creative stage designs.
Effect and decorative lighting – use for atmosphere and flair
These fixtures add atmosphere, visual interest, and decorative flair, perfect for setting the mood at events or festivals.
- Chauvet DJ Festoon 2 RGB EXT Extension – vibrant festoon string lighting with RGB colour mixing. It has an IP54 rating, meaning it’s suitable for temporary outdoor use; great for decorative effects at festivals, gardens, and events.
Building your lighting rig
Every performance setting has different environmental challenges, and your lighting rig needs to be prepared. Let’s explore a few scenarios to show how IP ratings come into play:
Indoor pub gig
In a pub or small venue, hazards include accidental drink spills, humid air, or people brushing against equipment. While it’s indoors, you’ll still want some moisture protection. But remember, many budget lights won’t list an IP rating at all. That’s normal. If they don’t, just keep them away from splash zones, like near the bar or dance floor.
Outdoor festival
Festivals mean unpredictable weather, with sunshine one minute and pouring rain the next. For such events, you’ll want at least IP65 fixtures to withstand rain, dust, and the occasional mud splash. Lights like the Cameo Tri-Colour RGB Par Can are perfect for main stages and outdoor truss systems.
Mobile DJs
If you’re a mobile DJ, your rig might be set up in all kinds of venues, including marquees, barns, or beaches. Choosing lights with IP44 or higher ensures you’re prepared for light rain or damp environments.
Theatrical shows
Even theatre rigs sometimes benefit from higher IP ratings, especially in older buildings with leaky roofs or damp basements. While IP20 might suffice, IP44 or above adds peace of mind for equipment longevity.
In short, don’t stress if your budget lights don’t have an IP rating, but never risk them outdoors. A little planning and understanding of IP ratings can save you money, stress, and keep your shows running smoothly.
FAQs
What does IP65 mean?
IP65 means the equipment is dust-tight and protected against water jets from any direction. It’s ideal for outdoor lighting rigs where you might face rain, dust, or general exposure to the elements. This rating gives peace of mind that your gear will keep working reliably even in challenging weather conditions.
Is a higher IP rating better?
A higher IP rating indicates better protection against dust and water, so it’s generally better. It helps your kit last longer and hold up in adverse weather or accidental spills. But higher protection often costs more, so balance your needs against your budget. If you’re strictly working indoors, you might not need a high rating.
Can I use a light outside if it doesn’t list an IP rating?
Do not use a light outside if it doesn’t have an IP rating. It’s safest to assume it’s for indoor use only. Taking it outdoors risks damaging your gear or even causing safety hazards. Always opt for lights with a listed IP rating if you’re planning outdoor events.
Final thoughts
Understanding IP ratings is essential if you’re building a lighting rig that’s reliable and safe, whatever the conditions.
Next time you’re shopping for lights, don’t just look at colours, features, or fancy effects. Look for an IP rating if you plan to use your lights outdoors. But remember, it’s also normal for many budget lights not to list one at all, so treat them as indoor-only.
So there you have it. We hope we’ve answered, “What are IP ratings?” in as much detail as you need! Whether you’re rocking a tiny pub gig or lighting up a huge festival, knowing what those numbers mean helps keep your event going. And that’s what it’s all about.
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